ANCIENT OLYMPIC GAMES MEANINGS IN 2020

FACTS OF ANCIENT OLYMPIC GAMES

Introduction:-

In this chapter, we are going to discuss about the facts of ancient Olympic games and terms used during ancient Olympic games and their meanings.

About Ancient Olympic games:-

·     The period of 4 years between the Olympic games was called Olympiad.

·     In the spectator’s gallery of Olympic games and participation in games was prohibited for women.
·     All the players in the games participated without clothes.
·     Winner player at Olympic games were awarded by giving olive tree’s branch in award.
·     The judges of Olympic games was called Hellanodikai.
·     The announcer of the Olympic games was called Spondiphori.
·     Pindar the name of poet used to sing poems in honour of the winners.
·     The sculpture name Phidias used to make marble statue of the winners.
·     Olympic games were taboo for the women, but this rule was broken by the woman named Pheranice for her son named Pisidorus, who was a Boxing player, to see his son taking part on the competition. Being the mother of winner, she was forgiven for her husband and brother being a gold medalist in Olympic games.
·     As per rules near the game site only one woman could enter who was the priestess of the temple of the Jesus god called Denantra.

 Terms used during ancient Olympic gams and their meanings

·    Altis: grove
·    Athlete: one who competes for a prize
·    Athlon: prize
·    Athlos: contest
·    Drachma: standard of Greek currency
·    Dekadrachm: ten drachmai
·    Diaulos: a foot race equal to two lengths of standion
·    Dolichos: a distance race varying from place to place
·    Dromos: running place or racecourse
·     Gymnasium: place of naked people
·    Halters: jumping weights
·    Hellanodikai: Greek judges
·    Himantes: boxing gloves
·    Imantes: Boxing gloves
·    Hippodromos: race course for horse
·    Hoplite: armed soldier
·    Hoplitodromos: race in armor
·    Keles: horse race
·    Nike: victory; goddess of victory
·    Palaestra: place of wrestling
·    Pale: wrestling
·    Pankration: an athletic event combining aspects of wrestling and boxing
·    Pantheon: all the gods
·    Pentathlon: five contests (Discus, Javelin, Long jump, Wrestling, and boxing)
·    Periodonikes: circuit victor

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HISTORY OF OLYMPIC GAMES

ANCIENT OLYMPIC GAMES

ANCIENT OLYMPIC

INTRODUCTION:-

In this chapter, we are going to discuss about one type of The Olympic games. We have two types of Olympic games-1. Ancient Olympic games, 2. Modern Olympic game. Also we will discuss on brief history of Olympics.

Ancient Olympic games:-

The beginning of the first Olympic Games in 776 BC has been found in writing. ancient Olympic events Which were held in every 4 year. The Greeks loved sports and treated them as the part of the religion. A kingdom named Elis in the north- west of  Peloponnese of ancient Greece had a place called Olympia in a holy valley of Sacred of Altis.  Near the town of Olympia, there was a mountain called Mount Olympus, Greek mythology describe it as adobe of 12 Gods. River Alfeios and Kladeos were following near the Alis state. This part of Greece called Peloponnese. Because of these places  the name of great sport festival was became Olympic.

The Olympic game lasted for months and thousands of people gathered to enjoy games. Olympic games were held only for men. Women could not participate nor could they  see it as philosophy and these rules were strictly followed.  As a result, high ethical attitude towards the games. The game was launched by the Olympic Oath.

 Players and judges took oath in front of jesus  temple,  swear  I would follow  game rules and pray for fair. All prayed for his personal success and success of his games. The method of jesius throughout the duration of games used to keep a sacred torch burning on the statue.

 Elis the city had numerous collection of money stores and innumerable religious structure. One of the most beautiful of the important Olympian right in the middle of which was the statue of jesus. This statue was one of the seven wonders of the world. Elephant-teeth proof: looking at this huge statue of gold ornaments and veils, at seemed as if the Greek deity was seated on its throne. During that period, Greece had many little city states which were fighting among themselves. But the struggle quit during the days of Olympic games. They played back to the games. All the participants remained secure. This system was called Olympic Truce. Ancient Olympic pentathlon
It was a great honour for any Greece people to get the little branch of olive tree which was available to the man who won the games. The kings as well as the kings took part in the competitions, and emperors like Rome attempted to win the victory in the Olympic competitions from 37 to 68 AD. The winners became the heroes of their country. The singers sung songs in praise of them and the sculpture shaped their strength and beauty into marble. The main aim of Greece’s unnatural life was maintain the existance of mental and physical aspects. Winning the Olympic games was considered a great honour of the times that every citizen was to receive. Even Plato won prizes in wrestling competitions. The hidden objective behind the Olympic games was physical beauty and preparation for the war. Olympic games held every 4 years, the time between an Olympic to another Olympic game was called Olympiad.As soon as Greece had the right of Rome in 394 AD, these games were deadlocked. The then emperor of Rome named Thiodosius 1 banned the ancient Olympic games by the state order.

  Thiodosius 1 even Roman rulers took havoc on the Olympic games after banned. Thiodosius 2 in 426 AD issued the order to demolish the Olympic stadium itself. Apart from the Roman rulers, nature also played on the lively and fitting process of the Olympic games. Even Rome  rulers had ruined the holy city Olympia of Greece. The terrible quale that came after periods had completely wasted it.

 

ANGLE MODULATION WITH DEFINITION IN 2020

ANGLE MODULATION, TYPES OF ANGLE MODULATION, GENERATION OF FM AND PM MODULATION

Introduction:

In this chapter, we are going to discuss about one type of modulation and that is angle modulation. In this we will discuss angle modulation with definition in 2020, types of angle modulation and GENERATION OF FM AND PM MODULATION.

Angle Modulation:

The another method of modulating a sinusoidal carrier namely the angle modulation. In this, either frequency or phase of the carrier is varied according to the message signal, and amplitude is constant.
Angle modulation may be defined as the process in which the total phase angle of a carrier wave is varied in accordance with the instantaneous value of the modulating or message signal while keeping the amplitude of the carrier constant.

Types of angle modulation:

Th     There are two types of angle modulation.
       i.          Phase Modulation (PM)
      ii.          Frequency Modulation (FM)

Phase Modulation:

Phase modulation is that type of angle modulation in which the phase angle Ⴔ is varied linearly with a baseband or modulating signal about an unmodulated phase angle. This means that in phase modulation , the instantaneous value of the phase angle is equal to the phase angle of the unmodulated carrier plus time varying component which is proportional to the modulating signal.

Mathematical Representation:

Frequency Modulation:

Frequency modulation id that type of angle modulation in which the instantaneous frequency is varied linearly with a message or baseband signal about an unmodulated carrier frequency. This means that the instantaneous value of the angular frequency will be equal to the carrier frequency plus a time varying component proportional to the baseband signal.

Mathematical Representation:

Relationship between FM and PM:

Generation of PM using Phase Modulator:

Generation of PM using Frequency Modulator:

Sinusoidal Frequency Modulation:

·        In this frequency of carrier is varied and amplitude remains constant.
·        Information is carried through frequency change.
·        More assistant to noise than AM.
·        The amount at which carrier frequency varied is called deviation.
·        Deviation is proportional to the instantaneous value of modulating voltage.
·        The rate at which frequency variation takes place is equal to modulating frequency.

Sinusoidal Phase Modulation:

·        Similar to FM.
·        Phase is varied instead of frequency.

Single Tone Frequency Modulation:

Advantages Of Angle Modulation:

 noise reduction, improved system identity, more efficient use of power.

Disadvantages:

 increased bandwidth, use of non complex circuits.

Applications:

> Radio broadcasting
> TV sound transmission
>Microwave communication
> Satellite communication

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