CONSTRUCTION AND WORKING PRINCIPLE OF TRANSFORMER

Construction and working principle of transformer

Introduction:

    Here we are going to discuss about the construction and working of transformer. Transformer is a machine that

1.  1    Transfers electrical energy from one electric circuit to another.
2.  2    Does so without a change of frequency.
3.   3   Does so by the principle of electromagnetic induction.
4.   4   Has electric circuits that are linked a common magnetic circuit.

Step up Transformer:

When the transformer raises the voltage i.e. when the output voltage of a transformer is higher than its input voltage, it is called the step up transformer.

Step down Transformer:

 When the output voltage is lower than the input voltage, it is called step down transformer.

Operating Principle:

An elementary transformer consists of a soft iron or silicon steel core and two windings placed on it. The windings are insulated from both the core and each other. The core is built up of thin soft iron or silicon steel laminations to provide a path of low reluctance to the magnetic flux. the winding connected to the supply is called the primary winding and the winding connected to the load circuit is called the secondary winding.

Ideal Transformer:

1.     1  No windings resistance i.e. the primary and secondary windings have zero resistance. It means that   there is no ohmic power loss and no resistive voltage drop in an ideal transformer.
2.   2   No magnetic leakage i.e. there is no leakage flux set up is confined to the core and links both the     windings.
3.   3   No iron loss i.e. hysteresis and eddy current losses in transformer core are zero.

EMF equation:

Voltage and Current Transformation ratios:

Transformer on no load:

When the primary of a transformer is connected to the source of ac supply and the secondary is open, the transformer is said to be at no load.

Transformer on load:

When the secondary circuit of a transformer is completed through an impedance or load, the transformer is said to be loaded and current flows through the secondary and the load.

Equivalent circuit of a Transformer:

The equivalent circuit of any device can be quite helpful in predetermination of the behaviour of the device under various conditions of operation and it can be drawn if the equations describing its behaviour are known.

Transformer on DC:

A transformer cannot operate on dc supply and never be connected to a dc source. If a rated dc voltage is applied to the primary of a transformer, the flux produced in the transformer core will not vary but remain constant in magnitude and, therefore, no emf will be induced in the secondary winding except at the moment of switching on.

conclusion:

so here we discussed about the construction and working of transformer. Also we discussed about equivalent circuit of transformer.

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